īy the 15th century, the territory of the modern state of Guerrero was inhabited by a number of peoples, none of whom had major cities or population centers. The Nahuas established themselves in Zacatula, Atoyac de Álvarez and Tlacotepec, later conquering the areas occupied by the Chontal Maya and Matlatzincas. In the 11th century, new migrations entered the area from the north, which included the Nahuas, who occupied what is now the center of the state, and the Purépecha who took over the west. From the 12th century to the 15th, the various peoples of the state were influence by the Chichimecas, culminating in Aztec domination by the 15th century. In the 8th century, Toltec influence was felt as they traveled the many trade routes through here in search of tropical bird plumage and amate paper. Later migrations to the area brought ethnicities such as the Purépecha, Mixtecs, Maya and Zapotecs who left traces on the local cultures as they established commercial centers around the seventh century. Later, the culture assimilated aspects of the Teotihuacan model, which included the Mesoamerican ballgame. Olmec influence remained with this culture, especially evident in the grouping of villages, construction of ceremonial centers and a government dominated by priests. It is characterized by its own sculpture and ceramics, distinguished by its simplicity. Įventually, the peoples of the Mexcala River area developed their own distinctive culture, called Mezcala or Mexcala. Recent evidence indicates that ancient Guerrero cultures may have influenced the early development of the Olmecs. Olmec influences can be seen in cave paintings such as those found in Juxtlahuaca and well as stone tools and jade jewelry from the time period. There is debate as to whether the earliest civilizations here were Olmecs, who migrated to this region or native peoples who were heavily influenced by the Olmecs, especially in the Balsas River area. Around this time, a grain called teocintle, or the forerunner to corn, became the staple of the diet. At these sites, evidence of weaving, ceramics, basketry and other crafts have been found. After that, settlements appeared near the coast because of fishing. Until about 8,000 years ago, climatic conditions better favored human habitation than those today however, sedentary human habitation happened around this time in the mountainous areas with more moisture, and better soil for agriculture. The first humans in the state's territory were nomadic hunter-gatherers who left evidence of their existence in various caves starting about 20,000 years ago. Two figures from the Xochipala archeological site However, other sources of employment are scarce in the state, which has caused its ranking as number one in the emigration of workers to the United States. Tourism is the single most important economic factor of the state and Acapulco's tourism is important to the nation's economy as a whole. This coastline has been important economically for the area, first as the port of Acapulco in colonial and post-Independence era and today for the tourist destinations of Acapulco, Zihuatanejo and Ixtapa. Geographically, the state is mountainous and rugged with flat areas limited to small mesas and the Pacific coastline. The modern entity did not exist until 1849, when it was carved out of territories from the states of Mexico, Puebla, and Michoacán. It is the only Mexican state named after a president. The state was named after Vicente Guerrero, one of the most prominent leaders in the Mexican War of Independence and the second President of Mexico. It is also home to communities of Afro-Mexicans in the Costa Chica region. Today, it is home to a number of indigenous communities, including the Nahuas, Mixtecs, Tlapanecs, Amuzgos, and formerly Cuitlatecs. In addition to the capital city, the state's largest cities include Acapulco, Petatlán, Ciudad Altamirano, Taxco, Iguala, Ixtapa, Zihuatanejo, and Santo Domingo. It is bordered by the states of Michoacán to the north and west, the State of Mexico and Morelos to the north, Puebla to the northeast and Oaxaca to the east. It is divided in 81 municipalities and its capital city is Chilpancingo and its largest city is Acapulco.
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Guerrero ( Spanish pronunciation: ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero ( Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Guerrero), is one of the 32 states that comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.
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